“Princess Paradox” by James Poniewozik Essay

In the â€Å"Princess Paradox† James Poniewozik starts out his article by taking a stance against the princess movement, but then throughout the rest of his article he talks about how the movement is good for young girls by showing that they can control their own destiny. Unlike the â€Å"Princess Paradox†, Peggy Orenstein’s article â€Å"Cinderella and Princess Culture† takes a stance against the princess movement by stating that the movement is ruining the minds of young girls. Although both authors have feminist points of view, they have opposite opinions on how the princess movement affect young girls, which they try to prove by using different approaches to prove what their opinion is. In their opening paragraphs both authors take a stance against the princess movement. Poniewozik starts out his article by saying that it is a recurring nightmare of high-minded modern parents of daughters, where the parents give many masculine toys, and then when Halloween rolls around they want to be a princesses; (666) while Orenstein writes her article from the perspective of a parent whose daughter was called a princess and treated as a princess everywhere she went, and Orenstein’s tolerance of this treatment grew shorter until she lost her patience. Though Poniewozik seems to take a stance against the movement in his opening paragraph he ends up leaning towards why it is a good thing for young girls, whereas Orenstein keeps her opinion the same, but she goes on to contradict the point that she was trying to make. Both authors compare todays princess movement with the feminist movement that took place a few years ago. We’ve come a long way, it seems, from the girls-kick-ass culture of just a few years ago in which a 360 [degrees] flying roundhouse kick was a girl’s best friend. (Poniewozik 666) Poniewozik says that today’s Prince Charming has learned the lessons of feminism, or at least learned to pay lip service to them. (666-667) Orenstein on the other hand sees the princess movement as an anti-feminist movement, which she tries to support at first, but then she begins to contradict herself by saying that the princess movement may be a sign of progress, and that at  long last girls can have it all. (671) The approach to the princess movement that both authors take is completely different from the other. Poniewozik uses the princess related movies for his approach, showing how they fit in the theme that the girl can have it all, while at the same time they can keep the feministic way, while Orenstein pulls all her information from the Disney’s Princesses. She takes her approach by claiming that the princess movement was started when Disney put nine of its female characters together and started to sell the princess movement to the public. Poniewozik keeps his claim that the princess movement is good for young girls throughout his article which he tries to prove by using more opinion than fact. Orenstein started her article with the point of view that the princess movement is ruining young girls, but about half way through the article she states that she might be wrong. Where Poniewozik fails to give good facts to support his claim Orenstein seems to make up for when she goes on to give facts and evidence which disproves her own theory, but supports Poniewozik’s. Poniewozik’s proof of his theory is rather hollow, but is more filled if you add in the facts and information from Orenstein’s article. On the other hand Orenstein lacks proof to prove her stand against the princess movement and to prove how she could be right. Most of the information that she tries to use to back up her theory is formed from her opinion, which makes the proof for her theory rather hollow. Poniewozik talks about how the princess movies show what a princess should be like and that there is a strict set of rules and conventions; she should be pretty, but in a class president way, not a head cheerleader way, she should be able to stand up for herself, she must be socially conscious, and above all she should not want to be a princess until she changes her mind that is. (668 Poniewozik) Orenstein says similar things such as girls feel like they have to follow a certain set of rules to be accepted; school-age girls overwhelmingly reported a paralyzing pressure to be â€Å"perfect†: not only to get straight A’s and be the student-body president, editor of the newspaper and captain of the swim team, but also to be â€Å"kind and caring,† â€Å"please  everyone, be very thin and dress right.† (673) Orenstein found that Disney’s secret to selling their princess products was that all they had to do is think like a little girl would about princess items. Such as, what type of bed would they want, what type of alarm clock would they want to wake up to, and what type of TV would they like to watch, and etc. Few girls will completely bedeck their room, but if she ends up with three or four of these items, well you have a healthy business. (673 Orenstein) Poniewozik found a similar occurrence with princess movies. He says that Hollywood is discovering that it still does not pay to fight the royal urge. (Poniewozik 666) Following 2001’s $108 million-grossing _The Princess Diaries,_ Hollywood waved its wand and conjured a set of Cinderella stories for girls, including The Prince and Me and Ella Enchanted, as well as A Cinderella Story and its sequel. (Poniewozik 666) Both authors stated their claims and presented their evidence, they both have opposite views, but yet the evidence is similar in many ways. Although both authors have feminist points of view, they have opposite opinions on how the princess movement affect young girls, which they try to prove by using different approaches to prove what their opinion is. Poniewozik’s argument was proven with some facts he had, while Orenstein did not support her argument very well and only helped make Poniewozik’s argument better, and to disprove her own. Citations: Orenstein, Peggy. â€Å"Cinderella and Princess Culture.† Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. Suzanne Phelps Chambers. Upper Saddle River: Longman, 2011. 670-673. Poniewozik, James. â€Å"The Princess Paradox.† Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. Suzanne Phelps Chambers. Upper Saddle River: Longman, 2011. 666-669.

Coping Skill and Lazarus Stress Theory Essay

Each individual experiences stress and problem in life. These will serve as measurement to know how emotionally stable individuals are and how they will handle everything that come their way. The ways of coping from stress, anxiety, and problems are the basis of how well-adjusted an individual is. Coping with difficulties of life is hard especially when the situation is complicated. It is a natural reaction that everyone will be experiences at one time or the other. As cited by Luthans (2005), Ivancevich and Matteson see stress as â€Å"the interaction of the individual with the environment†- an adaptive response mediated by individual differences and or psychological process, that is consequences by any eternal (environmental) action, situation or even that places excessive psychological and or physical demand on a person. Stress in college will comes in many forms. You will become essentially responsible for yourself: doing laundry, preparing your own meals, cleaning your own rooms. This will of course in addition to studying hard to achieve good grades. You will also have to deal with peer pressure, dating predicaments and drinking situations. Coping with stress will prove to be a daunting task. Every trying moment that you will encounter in college is only temporary. Coping with stress in college will be part of life, if you can hurdle over your stress, you will surely become as stronger and tougher person. Such that when you will absorb by the workforce, your will be better equipped to face the challenges of your job. Students will deal with stress differently. If you are one of these students who will have a hard time coping with stress, you should not be ashamed to seek the help of others, especially your counsellors who will be there for you for a reason. Stress will seem to be an especially common feature of college student life, particularly at highly competitive colleges and universities. Stress-coping mechanisms are behaviors and thoughts people employ to calm themselves when they will feel upset, angry, overworked, or otherwise overwhelmed by tension. Being under stress will affects your heart rate, blood pressure, mood, and contributes many diseases such as obesity and asthma. Coping mechanisms can be described as the sum total of ways in which we deal with minor to major stress and trauma. Some of these processes are unconscious ones, others are learned behaviour, and still others are skills we consciously master in order to reduce stress, or other intense emotions like depression. Not all coping mechanisms are equally beneficial, and some can actually be very detrimental. One may have various ways of coping with stress, anxiety and problems. Acceptance may be one by which individual wholeheartedly accepts the situation, the persons will learn to understand the things on the way it should. Others, on the other hand, may still look on the good side, putting more attention and emphasis on the things that could be better and would bring better to them. This study will determine what the most prevalent sources of stressors among our students are, and to evaluate the coping mechanisms adopted by them. Background of the Study Stress (2000) is generally defined as the body’s nonspecific response or reaction to demands made on it, or to disturbing events in the environment. It is a process by which we perceive and cope with environmental threats and challenges. Personal environmental events that will cause stress are known as stressors. Therefore, stress is simply defined as emotional disturbances or changes caused by stressors. Stress which promotes and facilities learning is called good stress. An optimal level of stress can enhance learning ability on the other hand; stress which inhibits and suppresses learning is call bad stress. The bad stress must be prevented and avoided. It is noteworthy that the same stressors may be perceived differently by different students, depending on their cultural background, personality traits, experience and coping skills. The purpose of this study is to gather data on the stress prevalence, stressors and coping strategies among second year students of Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurial Management, hence it will provides valuable information for future study in such students and teachers to understand better about this common problem. The second year students of BSEM are prone to pressure for the reason that they are the last batch of this said degree and because of that they are threatened to study hard, to give a good image and expected to build a better name for their degree. Though college may put you under a lot of stress, most students accept this as a given something one should just learned to deal with. And although work overload is a constant in all schools, many students notice discrepancies among different universities and colleges. Theoretical Framework The study will focus on the stress and coping mechanism among the Second year students of BSEM in regarding to their demographic profile. Coping with stress in college just like any other stress coping mechanism is seeing past the negativity of the moment and embracing the potential for good in it. Numerous theoretical provides sufficient background on the nature of stress individuals encounter and a multiple functions of coping for the optimum development and adjustment. The foremost theories represented in the study are enumerated, (a. ) Systematic Stress: Selye’s Theory, states that stress is a state manifested by a syndrome which consists of all the non-specifically induced changes in a biologic system. (b. Psychological Stress: The Lazarus Theory, states that two concepts are central to any psychological stress theory: appraisal, individual’s evaluation of the significance of what is happening for their well-being, and coping, individual’s efforts in thought and action to manage specific demands. Since its first presentation as a comprehensive theory the Lazarus stress theory has undergone sev eral essential revisions. In the latest version, stress is regarded as a relational concept; stress is not defined as a specific kind of external stimulation or a specific pattern of physiological, behavioral, or subjective reactions. Instead, stress is viewed as a relationship between individuals and their environment. Psychological stress refers to a relationship with the environment that the person appraises as significant for his or her well-being and in which the demands tax or exceed available coping resources. (c. ) Resource Theories of Stress: A Bridge between Systemic and Cognitive Viewpoints. Unlike approaches discussed so far, this theory of stress is not primarily concernedwith factors that create stress, but with resources that preserve well-being in the face of stressful encounters.

Carol Ann Duffy

Carol Ann Duffy Carroll An Duffy writes a poem that reveals human behavior and the uneasy aspects of humanity. I write these three poems, Salome, before you and steal. Through these poems, I dig into the content of the revelation and the content of the revelation. All three poems have multiple themes. In Salome, the theme is revenge, which also has strong sexual elements. The main point of text before you become me is a sexual element, but things between mother and daughter are very uneasy. Compare Carol Ann Duffy 's Valentine' s Day and Andrew Marvell with this mission 's niece and compare Carol Ann Duffy' s Lovers with Andrew Marvell 's To Coy Mistress. Valentine's Day written in this poem is the 20th century and speakers use onion as a metaphor for expressing her love. The poetry of giving his niece in the 17th century tells the poet that he is trying to persuade his lover to sleep with him. - The poetry of Andrew Marvel and John Donne is the era of beautiful poetry. In particular , the two poets, Andrew Marvell and John Donne, wrote a poem by Carpediem full of vivid images and metaphysical meditation. Everyone tells the message live for the present. This information can be clearly seen in Marvell and Donne's flea poem To the coy Mistress. Through clever metaphor and tools these poems are not only symbolic but also have physical features. This contemporary Victorian poetry can also be compared with the Shakespearean sonnet and another contemporary Carroll Andhafi poem. Ann Hathaway plays a loving wife and an adventurous woman at Anne Hathaway's poet Anne Hathaway. Duffy 's way of demonstrating this is by her choosing the type of structure used in that poem. She became a rhyming crowd that could be thought of as resembling Shakespeare's Sonnet style, using a modified sonnet. After all, this couple almost imitates the style used in Shakespeare's sonnet. Because they always use rhyming couplets and end up in dramatic rhyming couplets. Anne Hathaway was a wife of Shakespeare, so this sonnet style was being considered in her poem. Finally, using this rhyming phrase highlights the focus of her and his beloved poetry. Carol Ann Duffy Carol Ann Duffy Carol Ann Duffy was born in Glasgow on 23rd. In December 1965, she was widely acclaimed as a leading British lady poet. She studied philosophy at the University of Liverpool. Her mother is Mary Blake in Ireland. Her father is Frank Duffy. She has four younger brothers. She studied at St. Augustine 's Roman Catholic elementary school in Stafford from 1962 to 1967 and then went to Saint Joseph's monastery Stafford School. Her teacher, June Scriven, was inspired by poetry. She decided to be a poet at the age of 14. Compare Carol Ann Duffy 's Valentine' s Day and Andrew Marvell with this mission 's niece and compare Carol Ann Duffy' s Lovers with Andrew Marvell 's To Coy Mistress. Valentine's Day written in this poem is the 20th century and speakers use onion as a metaphor for expressing her love. The poetry of giving his niece in the 17th century tells the poet that he is trying to persuade his lover to sleep with him. Valentine's Day by Carol Ann Duffy is very different from other romance poems. Because I expect to read something more romantic than writing onions. This contemporary Victorian poetry can also be compared with the Shakespearean sonnet and another contemporary Carroll Andhafi poem. Ann Hathaway plays a loving wife and an adventurous woman at Anne Hathaway's poet Anne Hathaway. Duffy's method to demonstrate this is by her choosing the type of structure used in poetry. She became a rhyming crowd that could be thought of as resembling Shakespeare's Sonnet style, using a modified sonnet. After all, this couple almost imitates the style used in Shakespeare's sonnet. Because they always use rhyming couplets and end up with dramatic rhyming tuplets. Anne Hathaway was a wife of Shakespeare, so this sonnet style was being considered in her poem. Finally, using this rhyming phrase highlights the focus of her and his beloved poetry. I decided to write a psychological report on Medusa in Carol Ann Duffy's poem The Wife of the World. I am very int erested in psychology so I decided to give a psychological report. I think that the style of poetry by Carol Ann Duffy is written in such a way that everyone who reads them wants to know what the idea of ​​that character is. Carol Ann Duffy traditionizes characters like Medusa to the bad guy and shows why they are close to the victim to the reader. But she did not really explain why the reader should explain. Therefore, I chose to write a psychological report about Medusa. I chose to modernize the original story to clearly show the symbolic meaning of the poem.

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managment - Essay Example The storm of uprising had comprehensive results across North Africa. The businesses of many multinational companies had been majorly affected. The political volatility and financial breakdown have affected the global supply chain. Many European agricultural and textile companies have been defenseless to counter the uprising in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. The political risk in these countries has led to deteriorating financial condition and unavailability of credit. This scenario has brought forward payment risks for multinational companies which are operating in Middle East and North African region. The instability in MENA has created disruption in the oil industry and boosted the prices of petrochemical products. The risk of disorder in those countries has harmfully affected the supply chain and energy production companies (Dun & Bradstreet Limited, 2011). The uprising in Tunisia has increased the business risks. During the protests many business enterprises had shut down their operations. The retailing businesses were affected by raiding and the tourism industry had faced huge losses as travelers escaped from the country. Due to the uprising, the standard capacity consumption in the manufacturing industry reduced to 52.9%. Many banks were demoted by rating agencies and the credit access became limited in the global market (Dun & Bradstreet Limited, 2011). Egypt has followed a path similar to Tunisia. In February 2011, a series of revolutions occurred in many countries of Middle East, and Libya was surrounded by aggressive spiral of protests and it led to civil war. Due to the instabilities in Libya, Egypt and Tunisia the prices of oil reacted quite rapidly. It has been observed that further uprising will increase the price of oil even more and it can affect the business and international economy (Dun & Bradstreet Limited, 2011). Impact of Popular Uprising on Multinational Companies The impact of popular uprising has affected the busine ss and investment of many multinational companies. Libya embraces the most oil funds in Africa and it is the 15th biggest crude oil exporter throughout the world. The losses in Libya had quickly absorbed other countries. Due to the problems related to uprising many Western companies had suspended business operations in these countries. For example, BP vacated its employees and stopped the oil production in Libya. The Repsol–YPF of Spain suspended the oil production in the year 2011. OMV, which is an Austrian Oil related company, minimized their production due to the unrest. Further, the Royal Dutch Shell, Marathon Oil Co., and Wintershall also have started to evacuate their workers (Shanghai Daily Publishing House, 2011). Example of BG Group BG Group is one of the leading companies in international energy and power market. It is a UK based company and its operation is spread worldwide. In Tunisia, BG Group is the biggest producer of domestic gas which is accounted for almost 60% of total gas in Tunisia (BG Group plc, 2011). The uprising and civil unrest in MENA have affected the production of BG group. In the first quarter of 2011, the protestors of Tunisia had cordoned the workers of BG Group and stopped the business operations of the company. The company faced uncertainty due to the long lasting crisis of Tunisia and

Chemiluminiscence Experiment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chemiluminiscence Experiment - Lab Report Example This undertaking involves the use of dissimilar concentrations of luminol and at varied temperatures (Roda 51). The experiment requires various chemicals and apparatus in order to become successful. About 25 ml of chlorine in liquid for will be useful as an oxidizing agent (Roda 53). Quantities of water of half liter will be desirable in the process together with 0.12 grams of luminol. Beakers will be in use for putting the reagents of the experiment. A beam balance will perform various measurements, which are suitable, for this experiment (Roda 53). An ice bath and a thermometer for aiding temperature measurements are fundamental. Other materials will involve a funnel plus a plastic tube. The procedure for the experiment involves measuring 0.12 grams of luminol by using a beam balance and mixing the mass with 250 Ml of water in distilled form (Roda 53). The action results in a solution of luminol. While measuring the luminol substance, a minimum of three measurements are significant for providing accurate measurements. This is possible by conducting about three measurements and finding the differences in mass. There should be a consideration of the mass of the paper that will contain the luminol substance in order to maintain accuracy (Roda 55). Maintaining accurate measurements is critical in reducing errors in experiments or deviation from the expected results. The next step will involve production of the bleach contents. It entails performing a mix of 25 ml of chlorine bleach in liquid form and about 225 ml of water in distilled form. The bleach and the luminol solutions are cool in an ice bath and the temperatures put in the record. The recording is for both solutions put in separate containers (Roda 55). Darkening the room will ensure efficiency in performing observations, especially, the amount of light seen when the two solutions come in contact. A funnel linked with the plastic tube will be present to

Duty of the Court and its Interpretation of Legislature Essay

Duty of the Court and its Interpretation of Legislature - Essay Example Consequently, the unnecessary strain that is being imposed on judicial system is making judiciary to do the work of the legislature. Ernest Bruncken quotes Vandereycken about the three stages in the development of judicial interpretation as the literal state, logical stage and the positive stage. The interpretation of significance finds in logical and positive stages as logical stage considers the will of lawgiver and respect for it. Whereas, the positive stage the law can be seen as the product of economic and social forces working through law giver and finding expression accordingly. Hence, in this case the question about the power and duty of the court to travel outside the law on a voyage and discovery comes to the fore. The metaphor in the above sentence deals with the nature of interpretation that deviates from the original meaning and logic of the law considered. Hence, in the context of court interpreting the law in positive stage, the exigencies of social life will be the so le consideration of the court (Ernest Bruncken, 2009). Hart's theory and concept made greater impact on contemporary positivism as he applied the radical insights of the new linguistic philosophy. According to Tebbit Mark (2000), he explained the central problems of jurisprudence with sound theoretical footing and tried to do simplify the complexity of law. As Hart acknowledged the value of Bentham and Austin's efforts of clarification and tried to expose the weaknesses of classical common law, he tried to establish the power of Courts to go beyond the intentional meaning of the law to interpret according to the social situations. As he expressed reservations about some areas of law as serious obstacles in the path of genuine understanding, he viewed the interpretation of courts about the law as the articulation of pre-existing good. Hart disagreed with Hobbes and Austin about the positive form of command theory and supported the revealing of true explanatory strength. The reason for rejection of command theory by Hart is that it did no t reflect the reality of any possible or actual legal system and its explanatory power was limited thus confining the courts to certain points while interpreting the law. In that manner he supported the power and duty of court to interpret the law according to social situations. While stating his concept Hart constructs two effective arguments. First about the essence of law that purports to explain and thus stated that the rules cannot be orders or commands. As he felt that the rules are the ones, which facilitate social transactions, the interpretation of courts plays an important role in applying the law to various social situations thus giving the power to court to go beyond the concept of the rule in law. The second argument is about the distinction between types of legal rules that talks about analysis of social practices. As he pointed out that concept of an accepted rule is missing in Austin's analysis, Hart supported the sophisticated understanding of the social practice fo llowing a rule (Tebbit, Mark (Author), 2000). The important aspect in Hart's argument is that the rules in the law are open textured. Hence, Judges have to fill the gaps by their discretion. Hence, he

Youth and gambling problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Youth and gambling problem - Essay Example The third group involves individuals with some kind of neurological or Neuro-chemical dysfunction. This group is highly vulnerable to problem gambling due to impulsivity and attention deficits (Blaszczynski 2000). Such importance and high emphasize on problem gambling lead to the discussion of impacts that these gambling patterns have on the youth which is the major part of our society and upcoming future. The gambling behaviors in youngsters are closely related to their exposure to gambling in their childhood. They start gambling as an adoption of behaviors they experienced in childhood and if they win in the start their greed to win more empowers them to continue gambling. In the losing phase, they are more likely to win back what they had lost earlier. This urge and empowerment leads to desperation and motivation to bring more money with legal or illegal activities and stay in the game. Such desperation mostly resulted in illegal activities like cheating, stealing, robbing, nonpay ment of debts and so on (Hales 2006, pp. 305-307; National Research Council (US) 1999, pp. 169-171). Effects of Problem Gambling on Youth: Health effects: The younger generation is often exposed to other dangers when they involve in gambling within casinos, gaming zones and other areas covered by private owners. The addiction of gambling alone brings psychological disorders, attention deficits, depression, violent behaviors and aggression. In addition to these threats to psychological and physical well being of younger generation, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, tobacco and other addictives available in the play premises also affect their habits and behaviors towards the addictive things.... The increasingly easier opportunities for gaming and wagering available to clubs, hotels, casinos, gaming zones and increased games of chance like X-Lotto, scratch-tickets, sports betting, internet gambling, Bingo etc. in such places exposes gambling to the younger generation more prominently than ever. Advancements in technology resulted in some easier modes of accessibility to gambling. Internet and mobiles are the best sources of easily available components to youth for card games gambling, betting and so on. The increasing use of electronic gaming machines (EGM) in such places help the owners to attract more youngsters and involve them in gambling easily. The impacts of gaming and wagering due to the high exposure of electronic gambling to the youth has been a point of debate among the researchers in legislative, social, economic and cultural fields. Sports bars and ‘events based wagering’ are two important areas of discussion for their impacts on the youth as these are specifically aimed to target younger population. We can say that problem gambling cannot be described simply as a social behavior as generic, neurological, psychological and biological effects are also involved in describing the problem gambling behaviors. The negative impacts discussed are important to be addressed and restricted. Problem gambling may influence a child’s social, personal, economic, financial and educational life negatively. Hence, awareness and restrictions on gambling for children and younger population is necessary. The role of parents, elder siblings and teachers cannot be ignored in this regard as youngsters tend to adopt behaviors which they observe in their loved ones.

Effective Human Resource Management - Warbings Office Systems Plc Case Study

Effective Human Resource Management - Warbings Office Systems Plc - Case Study Example The essence of having SMART objectives at Warnings Office Systems Plc is important for the success of the business. First, goals and objectives enable the achievement of the company’s mission and vision statements; in this case, they are supposed to ensure that they are stated to reflect the mission and vision statements of the company. By helping employees create their SMART objectives, Warnings Office Systems Plc can easily follow up by motivating these staff. In this case, they can evaluate the effectiveness of these objectives, ensuring that they are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound as expected. These objectives ensure that the employees are always working out their activities according to the requirements of the business, thus achieving success. According to findings from the company, Warnings Office Systems Plc has been suffering from the problem of cohesiveness. It is important to understand that the business environment is always dynamic. This is with respect to the methods of management, development of products and services as well as marketing practices Training of line manager is essential at Warnings Office Systems Plc in order to enhance its success and effectiveness. By training its line managers, the company can equip them with the latest trends in human resource management, marketing, and other important company practices. This training can be done at a place identified, far from the business, or when the resources are not enough, the company can organize an in-house training. Whether done within the business or away, training of line managers is effective if it achieves the stated goals and objectives. For this reason, Warnings Office Systems Plc should ensure that it develops the most effective way of how to conduct such training on a continuous basis.

Financial resources and decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial resources and decisions - Essay Example After utilizing the three capital budgeting techniques, I strongly recommend project A as it generates a higher annual rate of return on average investment, shortest payback period, and higher net present value. Task 2. The following table shows the computed unit costs of products A, B, and C. It should be noted that to ensure accuracy, Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet is employed in calculation. The overheads are allocated according to machine hours in the case of machining department, and labor hours in the pressing and cutting department. The overhead rates are computed as follows: 1. For machining overhead costs, the total amount of overhead costs is computed and is divided with the total machine hours; 2. For cutting, the total overhead allocated to cutting is divided by the total number of labour hours both skilled and unskilled; 3. For pressing, the total overhead allocated to pressing is divided by the total number of labour hours used. Thus, machining has an overhead rate of 2.33/ machine hour, cutting has an overhead rate of 1.83 labor hour, and pressing has an overhead rate of 1.42/labor hour. For the services department, these are the cost allocations: The overhead costs for the services departments are allocated based on machine and labor hours computed above. For example, the overhead rate for cutting is allocated by dividing the total costs for cutting by the total number of skilled and unskilled labor hours for cutting. The following are the computed overhead rates for the engineering department: while the following are the computed overhead rates for the personnel department: It should be noted that in the case of personnel department costs allocated to the engineering department and vice versa is computed by...However, this technique disregards the additional cash flow which can be recouped from the project as it only focuses on the time when the whole investment will be recovered. The Net Present Value (NPV) analysis is very much different from the other two techniques discussed as it takes into account the time value of money. This method recognizes that the value of a pound today is greater than its expected value tomorrow. This technique is favored by more economists and managers because it is more realistic. It also takes into account the total cash flow from the investment including the depreciation and the tax shield from it. After utilizing the three capital budgeting techniques, I strongly recommend project A as it generates a higher annual rate of return on average investment, shortest payback period, and higher net present value. The overhead costs for the services departments are allocated based on machine and labor hours computed above. For example, the overhead rate for cutting is allocated by dividing the total costs for cutting by the total number of skilled and unskilled labor hours for cutting. It should be noted that in the case of personnel department costs allocated to the engineering department and vice versa is computed by dividing the total cost to the total number of units produced for each product. Price sett

The political atmosphere which influenced the Russian avant garde Essay

The political atmosphere which influenced the Russian avant garde - Essay Example This research paper examines that young artists from Russia decided not to be influenced by literature and painting, rather by the various political movements. Many artists from Russia attended lectures held by Marinetti as they had admiration for Italian futurism. In the years 1908 to 1909, there were various Golden Fleece Markets and some notable artists had their works shown. They included Mikhail Larionov and Natalia Goncharova who promoted scenes that were primitive as well as robust. Later on, during the exhibition known as ‘Donkey’s Tail’, Larionov and Goncharova proved that they could make sure that Russian painting was modernized. At the same time, these two artists were critical and independent concerning western culture. In conclusion, Larionov published the ‘Manifesto of Rayonism’, which had information regarding artistic theories that were new. They were known as synthesis of Orphism, Futurism and Cubism. Larionov was inspired by the scie ntific discovery of ultra-violet rays and radioactivity, thus obtaining the name Rayonism. The Rayonism movement was popular in the western part of Europe from 1913 to 1914. Moreover, in the year 1917, while in Rome, it was zealously taken up and unfortunately, did not survive during the war. In turn, Larionov went to France and worked on the Ballets Russes. This shows that the avant garde in Russia affected many artists and the manner they carried out their work.

The mutation rate Essay Example for Free

The mutation rate Essay One of the greatest challenges for evolutionary biology is explaining the widespread occurrence of sexual reproduction, and the associated process of genetic recombination. Sexual reproduction involves one individual combining half its DNA with half of DNA of another individual, so that the offspring is only half genetic copy of each parent. However, in asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetic copies of the parent. Thus, sexual reproduction poses an evolutionary problem because it seems to be half as efficient a method of reproducing as asexual reproduction. Asexual females can potentially produce twice as many daughters as sexual females, so that the ratio of asexual to sexual females should initially double each generation, resulting in the two-fold cost of sex.? In addition to this 50% cost and the dilution of the individuals genome, sexual reproduction also presents other disadvantages in comparison to asexual reproduction. First and foremost there is the cost of recombination favourable gene combinations that have increased in frequency under the action of natural selection are broken up. Secondly, the process of sexual reproduction requires a significant cellular-mechanical cost as sex requires meiosis, syngamy and karyogamy. A great amount of time is taken up by these three processes alone, and far exceeds the time required for two mitotic divisions. Also, these processes are unnecessarily complicated if reproduction is sole objective. Asexual spores and meiosis-bypassing apomixis appears much more efficient. Thirdly, sexual species can not perpetuate what are often fitness-improving types (eg: triploids, aneuploids). Finally, the actual physical contact between organisms/gametes entails risks separate from those that are maintained by sexual competition. One of the primary costs of initial contact is the risk of disease or parasite transmission. Another significant cost associated with fertilisation is the eminent wastage of gametes, or more appropriately in some cases, a waste of effort transmitting gametes. Given all of these costs, we would expect natural selection to favour asexual reproduction in wild populations, however, it generally does not: sexual reproduction is widespread throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. Sexual reproduction must enjoy some evolutionary advantage, which means that the advantage is not caused by the process itself, but by the changes it causes in progeny genotypes (as a result of recombination), which should drive the evolution of sex. Thus, the problem of explaining sex is to find a compensating advantage of sexual reproduction that is large enough to make up for its cost. Many theoretical models have been developed to show the conditions under which there is a sufficiently large short-term advantage for sex to offset this two-fold cost. The general consensus amongst evolutionary biologists is that there are two relatively convincing, modern day theories. Both of these theories are concerned with a deterministic advantage to sex and recombination through the production of genetically variable offspring. This increases efficiency of selection, and hence accelerates the increase in mean fitness. The first of the two theories is known as the Mutational Deterministic Hypothesis (Kondrashov, 1988), and states that sexual reproduction can enable females to reduce the number of deleterious mutations in their offspring. This idea requires that each deleterious mutation leads to a greater decrease in log fitness than the previous mutation (synergistic epistasis between deleterious mutations). The principle theme is that when this is the case, sexual reproduction increases the variance in the number of mutations that will be carried by the offspring. The subsequent lowered fitness of the individuals carrying above average numbers of such deleterious mutations will lead to an increased number of deleterious mutations being eliminated from the population. If the resultant mutation rate per generation is sufficiently high, then this process can theoretically fully compensate for the two-fold cost of sex. However, the genomic mutation rate (U) is exactly where the problem lies, as the plausibility of such a Ratetheory is dependent upon a relatively high rate of mutation within the genome. A female gains the advantage whatever the deleterious mutation rate, but the relative benefit increases with the mutation rate. But what deleterious mutation rate is needed to outweigh the two-fold cost of sex? Kondrashov suggests that the answer depends essentially on the details of the theoretical model, but a rate of about one new deleterious mutation per individual is probably sufficient. Thus, sex becomes advantageous relative to cloning if U is more than about one. This is the most controversial point in this theory, because deleterious mutation rates have historically been thought to be much lower. Mukai has performed a number of experiments on Drosophila and deduced that a mutation rate of 0. 5 per individual per generation was sufficient. The problem concerning mutation rates is difficult to solve as there is no strong factual evidence that exists to rule out mutation rates as high as are required for sex to prosper. However, Mukais estimate of 0. 5 per individual was a lower bound estimate, and his results are also compatible with a figure greater than one. The second of the two modern day models ignores the effect of deleterious mutations and concentrates on external environmental change. This model suggests that sex accelerates adaptation to a changing environment by creating new gene combinations.

The African Americans Throughout the History of Mass Communication Essay Example for Free

The African Americans Throughout the History of Mass Communication Essay Mass communication today has truly gained enormous advancements since it was first developed back then. The field continually grows and develops as more and more technological innovations are taking place nowadays. Indeed, mass communication has truly gone a long way. If its history would be traced back then, we will find out how the field changed throughout the ages. Moreover, tracing back the roots of mass communication would show how us how its forms also changed. From wired communication, mass media suddenly became a wireless one. In addition to this, history of mass communication would also allow us to see the reflection of the mass or the people. With this, history of mass communication would tell us about the humanity in general, including one of the greatest yet most controversial races from all around the globe—the African-Americans. How does the history of mass media reflect the African-Americans throughout the years? The African Americans is one race that holds a rich culture and history. Most of what the race has gone through were also reflected through various forms of mass media, including those of the radio, print, television, advertising, public relations, and film industries. Radio Industry Perhaps as a result of discrimination, it was not for some decades before African Americans began participating in the radio field. There were occasional African American singers in the radio. However, a dedicated African American radio station was founded much later than others. In today’s context, it is just ironic that African Americans are now the artists that are played much on the radio and there is a significant number of African Americans working with radio productions. Television Industry Television just shows the thinking of the present generation. In the earlier years of television, it is just understandable that there is only little participation of the African American community—some may not even had he chance to watch television. But in today’s world, there are many famous and influential African Americans shown in television like Oprah and Barrack Obama. This shows that this generation treats African Americans without discrimination. Film Industry Since the earliest times of the film industry, African American actors had shown tremendous talent in acting. Additionally, the world had learned how to laugh with African American humor. Interestingly, African American actors and actresses are present in almost all movie genres. One outstanding African American actress is Halle Berry, who is the first and still only African American woman to be awarded by the prestigious Academy Award for Best Actress in 2002. With the changes with the way African Americans are portrayed nowadays, their history somehow also changes. Through the history of mass media, we are able to see how the African Americans rose from an oppressed race to one proud people.

Trends of the business development in contemporary economic environment

Trends of the business development in contemporary economic environment A major challenge facing global organisations is the need to align local business processes with global corporate strategies. Discuss ways in which management accounting and control practices  might facilitate this whilst highlighting the potential problems inherent in those practices. Introduction The global competition becomes fierce as firms in an industry treat the world as a single market. To set up multinational company or make firm internationalized, it could be considered as the main trend of the business development in contemporary economic environment and could help business expand to a new level in long term development. However, the major challenge facing global organisations is the need to align local business processes with global corporate strategies. In other words, how to make an appropriate localization strategy in accordance with companys global corporate strategy is the core in overseas development. Management accounting and control is a useful integrative technique that concerned with coordination, resource allocation, motivation, and performance measurement etc. The purpose of this essay is to explore how management accounting and control systems deal with the coordination of the global corporate strategy and the local business process as confronting the c hallenges and the potential problems. Firstly, this paper will illustrate the meaning and the main theories of management control to identify its endowed role in changing environment. Then through enumerating and analysing the challenges for the management accounting and control in the contemporary business environment, the objective and role of management control system will be identified, simultaneously examples will be incorporated with discussions. Finally, a concluding section will be presented. Theories -Definitions and main roles of MCS The definition of management control is adjusting as the rate of change increases. In 1965, Robert Anthony defined it, the process by which managers assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organisations objectives. But this approach was very specific in the basic discipline in behavioural control; its hardly to fulfil the wider range and variety of consideration of the interaction of the control mechanisms and tended to narrowly focus on the large, hierarchical organizations. As emphasizing the management strategys dominant position in organizations operations, the management control served like a tool to corporate the whole performances. It was then defined, enhance organisational performance by ensuring the implementation of the organisations stated strategy (Merchant and Van Stede, 2003). Due to the uncertain business environment, such as technological changes, social changes, political changes and the requirements of co mpany internationalized, management control are considered as the process of guiding organisations into viable patterns of activity in a changing environment (Berry, Broadbent and Otley, 2005). Chenhall (2003) also mentioned that the terms management accounting (MA), management accounting systems (MAS), management control systems (MCS), and organizational controls (OC) are sometimes used interchangeably. Management control systems contain many techniques such as Total Quality Management (TQM), Just In Time (JIT), Budgeting, Balanced scorecard etc. -MCS in global economy In global economy, different culture could have an impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of control system. Managers live and work across different cultures and in different countries should understand cultural differences and sensitivities. Multinational companies need to control activities of global subsidiaries. Transplanting domestic control may be efficient but ineffective if not accepted because of cultural context (lecture notes). Management control system plays a decisive role in control and planning process. Hofstede (1980) introduced the framework of culture dimension based on several studies on culture differences. He identified four primary dimensions the differentiate cultures: power distance, individualism collectivism, masculine feminine, and uncertainty avoidance. All the characteristics illustrated in this framework should be taken into account when conducting the management control system. This taxonomy is broadly used in many countries. Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. Employees in large power distance countries are expect to accept the order from the upper staff or managers, such as Asian countries. They tend to be associated with centralization and less participated in decision making. Individualism collectivism indicates whether group or individual should get the focus. In individualism society, management focuses on managing the individuals and conducting based on individuals interests. USA gets the highest score in individualism dimension. Hofstedes masculine feminine dimension emphasizes genders role more than gender. Women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and care about the quality of life whereas men are more determined, assertive and concerned with the success. This dimension implies on management control system how managers grasp their different interest s to reward appropriately that achieve the best effect. According to the further study of this dimension, J. C. Lere and Kris Portz (2005) found that Japan, Austria, Great Britain, and the United States are more masculine on the masculine/feminine dimension. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are more feminine. Uncertainty avoidance deals with a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. In terms of high uncertainty avoidance culture country, the laws, rules and regulations reduce the uncertainty and ambiguity. Nevertheless, Davidson (1980) stated that the learning or experience of firms international expansion can coderate the effects of cultural distance. Specially, firms in the initial stages of expansion might exhibit a clear preference for similar cultures, but firms in a more advantage of the expansion might not show this preference. Further as firms gain more experiences and adapt to the target markets environment, the influences of cultural distance can become less significant operating in foreign countries. McSweeny (2002) also heavily criticised that treats national culture as implicit; core; systematically causal; territorially unique; and shared. These alleged characteristics are first described, and later challenged. MCS respond to the challenges confronting multinational firms The market penetration strategies of global firms are varied, but they could be concluded to a word: localization. Localization strategy is the core competitive strategy for multinational corporations (cross-national companies) as entering the target market country which including relationship (especially with government), product and service, marketing strategy, human resource, business operation mode, development and research. However, localization in global economy is not completely implementing organization as exactly the same as the local organization or change entirely in order to fit the local market. It is just a sense of tending to be local, in terms of orchestrate responses to local condition and opportunities. A multinational company must have its unique outstanding corporate characteristics to rely on. From its initiative to mature process, every detail reflects the companys core competency. Thus all the subsidiaries should keep their core competency all along, according to the host countrys geographical, cultural condition aligning properly on management strategy and marketing strategy. Localization is an advisable marketing strategy. Contrarily, the subsidiaries centrifuge organizations core competency in order to implement truly localization, must lead to failure. For instance, McDonalds selling point is western fast food, if it sells Chinese dumpling, there wont be a miracle happened. There are four mainly challenges for implementing localization. Firstly, it is the local consumers demand pressures. Many industries reflect highly national and geographical characteristics; they should fulfil immense diversity requirements of customers. Such as Microsoft, it launched its software in different languages for customers in worldwide. Secondly, building up a good corporate image, multinational company could succeed in global development, to get the support from the local government, is generally depend on its cooperate image and visibility. Employ local people, implement material or resources locally supply, the companys culture and marketing strategy tend to fit local environment, all these mentioned above could contribute transnational in local development that consolidate corporate image. Management accounting plays a role in coordination the flows of materials (sourcing of raw materials, components, sub-assemblies and the distribution of finished goods), flows of recourses including capital, technology and flows of information contains raw data, analysed information and accumulated knowledge( J.F. Dent). In particular, Bartlett and Ghoshal (1989) suggest that the coordination of international flows of material may be best accomplished by formalised systems for logistics management. The geographical spread of the firms operations, the complexity implicit in flexible specialisation, and the ever changing nature of the firms operations may necessitate a huge initial investment in appropriate systems. But, once set up, they may render materials coordination routine. On the other hand, the coordination of resources should not be automated, they suggest. The allocation of capital, technology and people are key strategic decisions. They require sensitivity and judgement and a corporate overview. Thirdly, it is blending into local culture. Cultural differences can lead to the subordination of central concerns to local interests (J.F.Dent, 1996). This is considered as the centrifugal tendency. Hamel and Parahalad (1989) indicated that a clear strategic intent or a vision of the future is one of the most potent centripetal forces for any organisation. Thus it embodies an active management process, to identify strategic imperatives and immediate operational objectives, communicating the importance of the objectives, and providing new objectives. The planning process (MCS) offers great potential for managing consensus around the firms strategic intent. Planning meetings, conferences and periodic reviews can be used to focus attention on the overriding goal for the organization, and to secure commitment towards its accomplishment. This implies a great deal of dialogue across the organization , bringing managers from different parts of the world together to participate in strategy debates and translate these into specific operational targets and milestones (J.F.Dent, 1996). Finally, eliminating the integrative production cost. This requires multinational company take full advantages of low production cost, human resource cost and so on of local market to reduce the total cost, increase the total efficiency. J.F Dent (1996), indicated political pressures and the renewed assertion of national differences in customer tastes and preferences suggest that global firms may need to add a greater capability for national responsiveness to their cost efficiency. The cost pressures suggest that multinational firms may require a higher level of integration to access scale economies. At the sane time, firms may need to respond to increasing pressures for innovation, and to leverage these throughout the world. Budgeting is not only the system about numerical data. It is also concerned with monitoring and evaluating the per Examples China is witnessed the most rapidly developing country in the world in recent decades. Since 1992, Chinas economic reform movement, there have been more than 400 companies of Top 500 Global corporations invested in China. There is nearly 1/3 gross output constituted by foreign enterprises. So the investment behaviour and development of foreign enterprises are more typical and apparent in this resurgent market. There are two examples presented from positive and negative aspects. Toyota China Toyota is one of the top three car manufacturers in the world. In China automobile market, Toyota once caught up with GMs sales to be No.1. Under Toyota production system, Toyota centralized sixteen spare parts factories in Tian Jin, China, which is quit similar as the layout in head factory in Japan headquarter. In Japan, the main part of Toyota is in the middle, other spare part factories are located surround the main part. And it only takes 20 minutes between the centre and the part factory. Based on this organisation structure, Toyota creates Toyota model-Just in time. According to the requirement for the spare part, Just in time makes the inventory to nearly zero. Its outstanding production system and control system not only maximize the effectiveness and efficiency, but also benefit its Chinese partners that promote the local automobile technology development. Moreover, Toyota set up its production factories on its target markets helps understand the current situation and deman d of customers in maximum extend that could adjust or coordinate products or services flexibly to fulfil customers needs. This Toyota model changed the structure of the global automobile manufacturing. There is another example about failure on budgeting control. KFC KFC has led Chinas fast food business for a very long time. KFC is dominating even rival McDonalds in China. In recent years, KFC has tailored some dishes specifically to Chinese tastes, customers can order seasonal vegetables or fruit. In spring, it is bamboo shoots; in summer, aloe vera sunday is on the menu. And in colder months, theres rice porridge and winter soup. In order to accelerate expanding the market, KFC plans to challenge Chinese traditional breakfast market in 2009. It will launch Chinese fried twisted cruller which is most common food in Chinese breakfast (like burger or sandwich can be found everywhere on the street shop) and plans to introduce more Chinese traditional breakfast food. Its selling point is nutrition and health. KFCs fried twist cruller is without potassium alum. Alum is a part of ingredient of the traditional one, but it is just tiny little. But it is the inorganic substance, may not be frequently edible. This new product promotes nutritional and health breakfast idea. However, compared with the traditional fried twisted crullers price in Chinese breakfast restaurant, it is 6 six times than the market price. The colour, the flavour and the fluffy texture will keep original. As this news out, more than 50% net citizens are not interested this new KFC fried twist cruller. KFC is a representative American fast food brand, burger or fried chicken are its star product, they are the core product KFC should put focus on. As considered as its competitor, more than millions breakfast restaurants are found all over the country. Challenge to expand its market to Chinese traditional breakfast market is not an advisable marketing strategy. Conclusion Global competition is getting extremely fierce and the uncertain environment is still changing. Management accounting and control system is the key system for every business organization as it provides clarity framework to ensure the overall operations of the organization keep a capability to survive in its uncertain environment. in overseas operations, the parent company centralizes the whole operation and need to make sure the local subsidiaries business process is in accordance with companys core strategy or keep companys core competency. There are four main challenges confront cross-national company: local customers demand pressures, setting up good corporate image, culture, eliminating the integrative production cost. In initial phase, based on Hofstedes dimension of culture, the main strategy could focus on how to overcome the culture distance. But as all the operations on the track, planning and control processes (MCS) are very important in organizations performance. They are essential for the efficient performance of functional management responsibility (Otley, 1987). The management accounting function can contribute by creating focusing on competitive threats. Further, the transnational also calls for new performance measures and reward structures. National subsidiaries no longer have a purely local role, rather they are part of a broader global effort. This implies a move from simply measuring their performance in local markets to evaluating their contributions to the firms strategic intent. Richer, broader measures of performance are needed to reward behaviour in the corporate, as opposed to local (J.F.Dent, 1996).

Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers

Pearl Harbor was certainly one of the most dramatic turning points in United States history, with all the elements that go along with an epic drama: heroes, villains, propaganda and conspiracy theories. It propelled the country from an isolationist continent into the spotlight on the world stage. World War II changed the way the world viewed the United States and how Americans viewed themselves. As a result of Pearl Harbor and the war the United States accepted the predominant world leadership role. The tragedy of Pearl Harbor shocked and united the American people into a singular purpose and goal to a greater extent than any other event before or since. As Americans awoke on a lazy Sunday morning in paradise, little did they know that within a few short minutes their lives would be changed forever. Sailors, Soldiers and Airmen watched in horror as the United States fleet including the mighty dreadnoughts burned and sank to the bottom of the shallow blue harbor. The calamity incited mass chaos and confusion. Numerous false rumors were spread including that Japanese paratroopers were invading Hawaii and that follow-on assaults were imminent. Above all, no one knew how to react since this was the first time since the War of 1812 that Americans were attacked on their own soil. As the nation was just recovering from the Great Depression, with optimism in the horizon the American people really had no desires to involve themselves in foreign wars. However President Franklin Roosevelt was aware of the actions taking place in Europe and Asia and could foresee the United States inevitable danger to the free world if the United States didn't take a stand in the war. While Americans favored neutrality the United States administration knew that it would only be a matter of time until the United States would enter the war. The convenient timing of Pearl Harbor allowed Roosevelt's unhindered pursuit of his interventionist agenda. This along with certain details, such as the lack of aircraft carriers at Pearl Harbor, led some to believe Roosevelt had forewarning of the attack and intentionally provoked the Japanese to open the backdoor to war. Twenty three hours after the initial aggression, Roosevelt declared war and ensured that, "This day will live in infamy†¦" in his address to Congress. In the end Americans pulled through and became their own heroes; Admiral Yamamoto's made a prophetic remark shortly after December 7, "I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve". Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers Pearl Harbor was certainly one of the most dramatic turning points in United States history, with all the elements that go along with an epic drama: heroes, villains, propaganda and conspiracy theories. It propelled the country from an isolationist continent into the spotlight on the world stage. World War II changed the way the world viewed the United States and how Americans viewed themselves. As a result of Pearl Harbor and the war the United States accepted the predominant world leadership role. The tragedy of Pearl Harbor shocked and united the American people into a singular purpose and goal to a greater extent than any other event before or since. As Americans awoke on a lazy Sunday morning in paradise, little did they know that within a few short minutes their lives would be changed forever. Sailors, Soldiers and Airmen watched in horror as the United States fleet including the mighty dreadnoughts burned and sank to the bottom of the shallow blue harbor. The calamity incited mass chaos and confusion. Numerous false rumors were spread including that Japanese paratroopers were invading Hawaii and that follow-on assaults were imminent. Above all, no one knew how to react since this was the first time since the War of 1812 that Americans were attacked on their own soil. As the nation was just recovering from the Great Depression, with optimism in the horizon the American people really had no desires to involve themselves in foreign wars. However President Franklin Roosevelt was aware of the actions taking place in Europe and Asia and could foresee the United States inevitable danger to the free world if the United States didn't take a stand in the war. While Americans favored neutrality the United States administration knew that it would only be a matter of time until the United States would enter the war. The convenient timing of Pearl Harbor allowed Roosevelt's unhindered pursuit of his interventionist agenda. This along with certain details, such as the lack of aircraft carriers at Pearl Harbor, led some to believe Roosevelt had forewarning of the attack and intentionally provoked the Japanese to open the backdoor to war. Twenty three hours after the initial aggression, Roosevelt declared war and ensured that, "This day will live in infamy†¦" in his address to Congress. In the end Americans pulled through and became their own heroes; Admiral Yamamoto's made a prophetic remark shortly after December 7, "I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve".

When Worlds Collide Essay -- Culture Anglo Saxon Essays

When Worlds Collide The world of Beowulf and that of modern America have some interesting similarities. The Anglo- Saxon belief in "wyrd," or fate, is alive and well in the 21st century. Like the Anglo- Saxons, our culture regards the crime of killing one’s own kin or family to be the most heinous of all. Americans love entertainment just as much as the Anglo- Saxons of Beowulf’s time did. Of course, with our modern technology like movies, television, and the Internet, we are allowed to experience many more methods of enjoyment than medieval people were able to enjoy. However, their culture is remembered through portions of our popular culture. Within its pages, Beowulf contains the notion of â€Å"wyrd.â€Å" This is the Anglo- Saxon concept of fate, the idea that everything is destined or planned to happen. The Anglo- Saxon people believed that everything was predetermined and that all their fates were already fixed. Beowulf says to Unferth that â€Å"Fate often saves an undoomed man when his courage is good,†(p.12) meaning that fate may save a warrior if he has true courage. In modern- day America, this idea of fate is similar to the idea of having ‘an angel on your shoulder.’ Many of the people who survived the September 11th tragedy did so by missing their train that day or getting struck in traffic. One gentleman who worked high up in the first tower surfed down twelve flights of stairs as the building collapsed and survived with only a broken leg. Some believe that it was just chance or a random thing, but many believe that it was fate that saved them, the idea being that some other force had pl ans for these people and that their time on this earth was not yet over. In Beowulf’s time, the w... ... Lord of the Rings, originally a trilogy of books written by J.R.R. Tolkien, pays respect to the ancient culture and ways of the Norse people, with their traditions of oral story telling and epic quests embedded within the story’s plot. These similarities show where some of our roots as Americans come from. Our culture is a massive patchwork quilt of various cultures and ethnicity. There are strong strains of this ancient culture running through our modern society. Beowulf is only one example of the Anglo- Saxon literature we possess today, but from it, we obtain more of what their culture was and we keep some these values alive in our own ways. Works Cited Associated Press. â€Å"Doctor: Yates felt she had no choice.† http://www.msnbc.com/news/709713.asp 5 March 2002. Howe, Nicholas ed. Beowulf: A Prose Translation. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002.

The Tenth Man Essay -- essays research papers

THE TENTH MAN BY GRAHAM GREENE The Tenth Man by Graham Greene The book The Tenth Man by Graham Greene takes place in France in the 1940s during the German occupation of France during the second world war. It starts of in a German prison with the narrator talking about the prisoners singling out two specific characters, the Mayor of Bourge and Pierre an engine driver. Through a situation concerning these two we are introduced to the main character, Jean-Louis Chavel who changes his last name to Charlot. The narrator goes on to describe who the prisoner can here executions ever night. One night a German was killed so for punishment three prisoners were to be killed from each shed. To be fair the cell where the story starts the men drew marked paper from a shoe. Chavel drew the last marked slip which condemned him to death and went into histeria. In his histeria he offered to give every thing he owned to someone if they died for him. A man named Janvier, thinking of his sister and mother, spoke up and took his offer. After the agreement Janvier drew up a will leaving everything he now owned to his sister and mother. The next morning he was executed. The story then shifts to months later in Paris where Chavel, who name has been changed to Charlot, is looking for a job since he gave every thing he had away. Charlot then returned to his old home where he meets Janviers's sister and mother. Because Janvier's sister, Therese, did not now who he relay was, she gave him a job because he knew her brother. While working at the house Charlot had several run-ins with many childhood and adult friends but managed to fool them in some way or a another. Later, a beggar comes along and acts as if he is the real Chavel to escape persecution for being a collaborator with the Germans during the occupation. vividly he explains the whole story pretty well and convinces Therese that he is the real Chavel. Charlot allows him to stay the night and finds out he knew the story and what he wanted. As a plan to get all the land and money that Therese got from her brother, the impostor Chavel convinces Therese that Charlot made him look bad and her brother proposed the deal to him. While proving that the impostor was infact an impostor Charlot w... ...was Charlot. He did so so that Therese would not find out that he was responsible for her brother' demise. In the end it back fired and caused more problems then it solved. Many people do not tell important information of themselves to other people so it does not cause friction between them or others. One main example of this is when applying for a job you are asked if you were ever arrested. Many people lie and say no so they get the job but lying causes them to not get the job because the employer will find out one way or another. One moral that was not given right out in the open but could be received indirectly was about war. I think the author was for war if the cause was a fair one as was World War 2. This is still an area of controversy today. In all the wars we have fought since WW2 we have questioned if it was really necessary. I believe that you should not be forced to fight in any war that you do not believe that we should be fighting in as a nation The book portrayed many morals that society of today needs to learn. If society learns these morals this place will be a very better place to live of everyone and everything.

BMW’S Dream Factory & Culture Essay

1. Describe the culture of BMW. Organizational culture is an idea in the field of Organizational studies. A culture is derived through the individual experiences, attitudes, shared values or common perceptions that are held by each member of an organization. Organizational culture affects such outcomes as productivity, performance, commitment, self confidence, and ethical behavior. Within the auto industry, Bavarian Motor Works, or BMW recently chose to create a paradigm shift from a divisional style of leadership to an organic business. A value system has evolved within the organization that drives passion, which in turn brings forth energy and ownership from leadership to associates of the company. Founded in 1916 by a merger of two companies Rapp Motoren Werke and Gustav Flugmaschinefabrik, its origins as a company specialized in airplane engines, thus creating the inspiration for its current logo, introduced in 1920, the circular design of an aircraft propeller. BMW is a company with a hierarchy, but the decisions are made at the level where capability rests. The decisions that are made in the company are a result of informal networks, along with numerous brain storming sessions. Department managers have the ability to decide without a committee which omits needless bureaucracy. Regardless of your job title all levels work together to create ideas to better the brand and product. 2. Discuss the model of leadership illustrated at BMW and the related impact on the organizational culture. Management at BMW is critical to the ultimate viability of the organization. In 1997, BMW chose to change their leadership style from classic to organic. This change was due in part to the leadership at BMW recognizing the value of the employees and listening to  their ideas. The company chose to cultivate their own career managers from within the organization and not hiring any top executives from outside the business unless special needs were presented and an internal hire was not possible (Avery, G. C. 2004). BMW’s structure is based on teams which include a supervisory board consisting of 21 members. The board of management consists of 10 members, and there are several other networks of teams which are all self managing. At the company’s assembly line, the culture of being visionary changed the hierarchical leadership model to teams that independently solve problems and make decisions. BMW has adopted a concept of having visionary leadership where Avery, G. C. (20 04) contends that the company’s move from a hierarchical culture made its leadership to move closer to its employees, which in turn made the workers take ownership of how the organization works and operates in business matters. Teamwork and collaboration have become the corporate culture of BMW since this new style of leadership has taken effect. 3. Analyze why employees derive high job satisfaction at BMW, using the concepts illustrated in the job characteristics model (see chapter 5). BMW has enjoyed tremendous success as â€Å"the ultimate driving machine†, but it was the culture of BMW that drove the roadmap for decorum of its employees. The company determined that to meet the needs of the business it needed to use various models of reinforcements to motivate the employees thus creating a culture of receptiveness, incentive, and confidence (Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. 2010) The same culture gave its employees high job satisfaction with its inclusiveness and job ownership impression. Employees have a clear idea of the mission that has to be accomplished. Hellriegel and Slocum (2010, p. 140), contend in their analysis of the job characteristics model that â€Å"If all three psychological states are positive, a reinforcing cycle of strong work motivation on self-generated rewards are activated.† â€Å"A job without meaningfulness, responsibility, and feedback is incomplete and doesn’t strongly motivate an employee.† BMW chose to empower their workers by using material rewards which translated into a new pay plan. The company offers the best salaries to the employees along with health benefits that make sure of employees motivation being always high at the work. The culture at BMW allows  employees to feel they are valued and that their ideas are appreciated. 4. Discuss the attributes of organizational creativity that are fostered at BMW. BMW’s organizational creativity produced a business model focused on excellence and vision. Establishing an enterprising work culture includes various factors to be considered, with BMW focusing on expecting their employees to think in entrepreneurial terms, self managed, and inventive ways which benefit all involved. The company demanded that this type of creativity in an organization could foster a working side by side approach that produced a rebranding of mindset in the quality of open door communication in its corporate culture. Until the new system was implemented, employees were paid whether they worked or not, but using the new organic culture, employees earned vacation time for working longer hours. The pay off of this system produced workers who had tendencies of being more consistent in their learned behavior because of this reward system. (Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. 2010). 5. Discuss how the culture and work environment impact the performance results of BMW. BMW’s visionary goal was to accelerate performance, job satisfaction, and increase their bottom line. With a revamped organic culture, BMW provided a positive work place, rewarded and recognized it employees, and involved and increased employee engagement. By developing the skills of its workforce and by promoting from within, and most importantly continued to evaluate and make improvements the company saw overall increased profitability. The result of ordinary business activity in the BMW automobile segment was up by 5.1% to 2.106 million euro in 1997. The financial services division was successful, sales increased by 6.6% (Kasperskaya, Y. 1999). The implementation of BMW’s corporate culture took vision, acceptance, and dedication. The responsibility for change and performance improvement rests squarely on the shoulders of leaders at all levels. A motivating environment is one that gives workers a sense of pride in what they do. References Avery, G. C. (2004). Understanding Leadership. London: Sage. Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J W, Jr. (2010). BUS520: Organizational 2010 custom edition. (12th ed.)Mason, OH: South-Western Centrage Learning. http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development-teambuilding/800-1html Kasperskaya, Y. (1999) Case Study of the 1999 BMW Group

Operations Strategy and Sustainability Essay

LensCrafters trading operations dodging is to countenance gritty quality shopping centre fretfulness function to guests throughout the US, Canada and Puerto Rico. LensCrafters is kn throw for the ability to practice eye exams, prescribing sun interpret and specs, and production of the glasses on the premises for each node. To keep open economic sustainability, LensCrafters goal in 1983, was to be the only optical eye flush retailer to guarantee eyeglasses in less than an hour. Now, after 30 years, LensCrafters is considered champion of the leading optical retailers known for their perfect node servicing, excellent products and some of the biggest name calling such as Armani, Coach, and Prada in frames (LensCrafters, 2014). They repoint a senior high school degree of loading to performance excellence by continually providing their nodes with new technologies to correct eye c ar, crystallize ethical drugs, and assist their clients in selecting the right frames .LensCrafters similarly adduces expert care for their clients with proficient optometry doctors at every storehouse. Through resource way they manage their assets effectively and efficiently be able to Give the gift of billet of battle to millions of nation all everyplace the arena through their OneSight charitable organization where they partner with local communities to provide permanent recover to affordable eye care and eyewear in both the developed and developing world. include in their sustainability initiatives they piloted a self-sustaining imaginativeness center in a civilize hardened in one of the poorest neighborhoods in Cincinnati, Ohio. In doing this, LensCrafters has tack to bring downher mess care right where people need it. In this school, getting an eye exam is as easy as walking wipe out the hall instead of wanting one-half a day of class or, for parents, missing half a day of engage. another(prenominal) way of maintain economicsustainability is that LensCrafters come eyeball and care about the people behind them.LensCrafters guest benefit bundle includes providing goods and function that meet the postulate of single(a) guests. They take over comfortablely located branches, master employees, the latest eye-exam equipment and eyewear accessories to meet the different tastes of their loyal customers. LensCrafters portray their commitment through comely care for their customers eyes and constantly are determined to improve the experiences of their customers. LensCrafters yokes receive training in personalised service to undertake their customers experience is valued. LensCrafters will continue to put their customers first to maintain their competitiveness and customer loyalty. For social sustainability, LensCrafters have their branches conveniently located in highly populated areas handle shopping malls. This ensures that they reach their target commercialize faster.The stores intented with economically t o provide the shell customers service from the initial exam to the last(a) satisfactory of the glasses. They have on-site amply equipped laboratory with the latest machinery and instigate their employees to interact with their customers in the eye-exam rooms and fitting send (Collier & Evans, 2013). The walls of their stores have the certificates and degrees of their optometrists and technicians demonstrating to the customers that competent module is serving them. Communication is consistent between the customer and staff throughout their eye care purchase. Operations Management and ChallengesThe operations management at LensCrafters has a strategy that staff follows in order to provide their customers with high quality service and products. LensCrafters requires their employees to have got the required skills and knowledge for optimal work productivity by utilizing their time with the customers effectively and efficiently. Laboratory technicians have the needed certificatio ns for their line of work and all other employees bear training before and during their period of employment. The employees at LensCrafters offer unsurpassed function because they are well motivated with rewards and employment recognitions from the operations management team.One of the challenges of that face operations management at LensCrafters is the changing of customer expectations. Many want designer frames that they have captivaten on other people this could be a discontinued style or requireadditional time to baffle the glasses. Another challenge is changing engine room. The operations management at LensCrafters stays aware(p) of the newest technologies and takes the time to research the equipment to determine if it would represent a substantial change in their work physical processes and customer service. Value kitchen rangeThe value chain at LensCrafters begins with the gaining the customer through preproduction services such as the Customer Benefit Package that i ncludes providing goods and services that meet or exceed the needs of individual customers. LensCrafters also provide their customers with spotless customer service, excellent products and some of the biggest call such as Armani, Coach, and Prada in frames (LensCrafters, 2014). LensCrafters accepts vision plans from numerous insurance companies that major companies offer to their employees. If customers do not have insurance, LensCrafters nates set up a fee plan with the customer. LensCrafters offers promotions such as demoralize one pair of glasses and get the second one-half off.Following the preproduction manikin is the primary production processes. at one time the customer makes the decision to come into LensCrafters, the employees provide high-quality services. Once the eye exam is completed, an associate helps the customer select the frames that they like the take up. The associate accompanies the customer to the appropriate station for their frames and selects vario us frames in all shapes and colors. An associate will hoodwink pictures of the customer in their selected frames using LensCrafters own myLook camera application LensCrafters, 2014). Once this is completed, the associate and customer compare the photos side-by-side. Once the customer has selected the frames, the associate gives the customers prescription and frame selection to the lab to force the customized glasses. Value is created with the customer by the high quality customer service, customized prescription glasses, and convenient fix.Once the glasses are realise for the customer to pick up, the customer comes in and the associate shows them the glasses. The associate adjusts the frames to fit the contours of the customers face. Then the associate attaches LensCrafters bizarre FitSensor (LensCrafters, 2014) that creates clear guide points for the AccuFit Digital measuring rod System. The FitSensor software measures the location of the customers pupils and spacing of their eyes relative totheir frames. victimisation these measurements, the associate is able to determine the best placement of the customers eyeglasses with five times the precision of manual eyeglass measurements. Performance standardsPerformance measurements that can be used to measure LensCrafters service-delivery clay design include business location and servicescape. Location is imperative when it comes to accessing the target market. LensCrafters has branches in the most convenient places for the sake of their customers. LensCrafters needs to ensure that they are located weedy their customers to continually increase their sales and modify customer relations. Every LensCrafters has the same or similar store layout, job design, services technology figures and delivery services. LensCrafters has up-to-date technology in their equipment in laboratories, technicians, optometrists, eye enquiry areas and fitting station. A service process leads to an outcome which results in the cu stomer be either happy or suffering with the service experience. It is the role of delivery to ensure that the expected service outcome is stock by the customer.The service delivery design for LensCrafters includes facility location and layout making the customer experience more efficient, and keeping in step with the newest technology, including designing their own technologies to make the experience at LensCrafters funny. The servicescape of LensCrafters is designed to provide the customer with the sense of quality and skipperism. The store layout is open and uncluttered. It store is carpeted and has professional frame divulge areas for men, women, and children. Modern article of furniture adorns the retail area and up-to-date equipment is seen in the laboratory. The store is brightly lit to reap attention to the display cases. The store display cases, eye examination area, and fitting stations are placed in the areas where the customers and service providers inter-act frequ ently. Types of TechnologyTechnology allows LensCrafters to stay commit to providing ripe eyewear technology. They have developed several(prenominal) new technologies of their own with their AccuFit Digital Measurement System that takes measurements to fit the eyeglasses to the customers face. They also developed the LensSimulator that allows customers to persuasion and compare a broad mixing oflens choices. Another unique proficient advancement of LensCrafters is the myLook camera application that allows the customer to seem themselves in several pairs of frames to see which looks best on their faces. LensCrafters provide their customers with unique and innovative technologies that give them an edge over their competition and keeps the competition anticipating the next innovative process.ReferencesCollier, D. A., & Evans, J. R. (2013). OM4. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning. Print. Lenscrafters (2014). Retrieved whitethorn 5, 2014 from http//www.luxottica.com/en/retail- brands/lenscrafters LensCrafters (2012). About LensCrafters. Retrieved may 5, 2014 from http//www.lenscrafters.com/eyeglasses/7/about/company-history-about-lenscrafters LensCrafters (2014). Eyeglasses. Retrieved whitethorn 7, 2014 from http//www.lenscrafters.com/lc-us/eyeglasses LensCrafters Eyes a profound Vision with PCMS Retail Solution (2010). Retrieved May 7, 2014 from http//www.pcmsdatafit.com/files/casestudy/PCMS_and_Lenscrafters_Case_Study_(US).pdf

A Self Discovery Journey Education Essay

The undermentioned expression is the consequence of an auto- outline cognise by an EFL t to each one(prenominal)er endeavoring to get to overlordism in her skill patterns. The grounds that led her to that self-discovery legal action atomic number 18 fundament exclusivelyy her late acquired cognition on lingual communicating geting and attown(prenominal)ment theories and her desire to be a part instructor. She describes her present-day(prenominal) pedagogics patterns in footings of Teaching Principles, shaperoom Management, Class Procedures and Techniques, and Resources and Materials. Then she mentions the innovative patterns she s willing to follow in launch to go a let out professional and the activities she must(prenominal)iness undergo to grasp those patterns.KEY WORDS capt personalism, Language learning and Teaching, Class Observation and Reflection, Auto-analysis.IntroductionIn 9 disused ages of erudition pattern, I ve neer done before what I am to t he highest degree to refer now in the paragraphs that follow. The pastime lines be to be my first written analysis of all time on my patterns as an EFL instructor in my in the flesh(predicate) hunt for professionalism. A Professional is person whose grow contracts executing a indis mystify up to(p) map with some grade of expertness. But a narrower definition limits the term to use to people such as instructors whose expertness involves non merely skill and familiarity only if in any event the exercising of extremely school judicial decision, and whose accreditation necessitates extended survey, frequently university-based, forevery bit ethical as practical experience. The professional is, foremost and first, a chooseer-well-nigh of real-world alteration, prioritising real-time action and contemplation. ( Ur, ? ) .The term professional besides implies being luck of a fraternity. The professional community of English instructors has developed agencies of consolidatin g relationships between its members and created chances for them to profit from each other s cognition. We ar an identifi able group, whose members are interested in interaction with one some other for the interest of acquisition, and besides for the enjoyment of interchanging experiences and vistas. We publish, we communicate innovatory thoughts, whether hypothetic or practical, to one another and to the populace at big finished in-house seminars, national or internationalistic conferences, diaries or books ( Ur, ? ) . We as professional EFL instructors must be independent. Cipher else groundwork area us what to befool we ourselves are responsible for keeping professional criterions and should be committed to making those criterions. We must be advised of our duty towards our bookmans and their acquisition. We should nt merely learn, we must besides larn, continually somewhat our capable affair, nigh attainment methods, and about many other things that trade foret ell us break educated and hence better pedagogues ( Ur, ) . The development of our learning competency is our professional duty, and it is a long-run and on-going surgical procedure ( Pettis, ? ) .In the undermentioned paragraphs I will break what drove me towards making this soul-searching exercising, I ll return my real pattern as a instructor, and I ll round-up with a to-do list of the patterns that I must get in order to be the professional that I want and need to be.MotivationIn the early elder ages of my affirmation pattern I was fundamentally bear on with what to learn, and I did nt detect or believe about other facets of EFL learning. Then I started catching my schoolchilds conduct and the demands of the communities in which I taught my classs, and I started reflecting on my ain patterns, researching how to, and why to learn in each quaint background in a manner that I could lend to do their lives better. I discover that my instruction could truly lend to my learners individual(prenominal) transmutation, and that I as a instructor must bear with the delineate and reshaping of the coveted learning result of my pupils ( Kumaravadivelu, 2003 ) .Then a sense of committedness towards my profession started to develop, and I discovered that I still lack some of the conditions a professional EFL instructor must h senescent, and that the restrictions in my cognitive model constrain my instruction patterns ( Pettis, ? ) . I ve tot up to a point in which I need to halt playing around, experimenting in an irresponsible and unsteady manner with my categories. I want to be able to take classs of action that are based on cognition and idea, instead than on wonder and creativeness. I know now that it is required to regard the governs central both automatic and consciously designed action. I now understand that I must yield my professional action on the consequences of academic research and theorizing ( Ur, ? ) every bit safe as my face-to -face experiences. I feel the demand to utilize prospering pedagogic techniques that might wreak new sharpness and more processiond possibilities to my instruction pattern ( Richards, ? ) because I believe that accomplishments without cognition or rules are professionally unacceptable and the knowing instructor who is besides esthesis is a springful pedagogue ( Pettis, ? ) .I started making professional development activities that challenged and changed my conceptual model, and larning from them has enabled me to do better determinations about the activities and techniques I could follow in my categories. I ve learned that learning is non merely a serial of preset and presequenced processs, but a background-sensitive action grounded in rational idea and creativeness in which the practician has to place and run into the challenges faced in the casual pattern of learning ( Kumaravadivelu, 2003 ) . I m estimable cognizant now that the rules that guide my determination devi se tummy alter over clip and chastity to be reconsidered sporadically as a personal committedness towards my ain on-going professional growing ( Pettis, ? ) .THE PRESENTMy current instruction patterns are the consequence of 9 venerable ages of experience. I ve worked with several assorted invades and methods, but I d neer analyze the supposition and rules loafer them till late. In malice of that, I ve ever, authentically loved instruction, and I ve been really funny about my work. It get aheads me proud to state that I was nt excessively lost(p) in the manner of going a trusty professional.The undermentioned list is a catalogued sum-up of my current instruction patternsTeaching PrinciplesPresently I m in the procedure of understanding the surmisal and the rules of linguistic parley instruction and acquisition.Try to maximise the larning potency of my pupils through stage business resolution activities.Try out disparate learning schemes by invariably detecting things t hat work, flinging old patterns and taking on board new 1s. demeanor at what I do in the schoolroom and believe about why I do it, how legal it is, how are my pupils reacting, and how can I make it better.Reflect on the singular jobs that arise in the schoolroom.Analyze the context of each kinfolk and tool signifiers of cognition that are relevant to each particular(prenominal) context.Organize class content around pupils demands, wants and state of personal matterss.Treat each learning state of affairs as alone, placing the left over(p) features of each event.Bring my liveliness experiences to the educational scene, and acknowledge that my pupils do the same.Try to connection the category content to wider societal issues.Classroom troubleI ever rescue high outlooks for pupil acquisition in my categories.My criterions for schoolroom behaviour are besides high.Personal interactions between me and my pupils and among pupils in my category must be positive.If pupils are mi sconducting, I ever try to happen out why.Every pupil must make take parting output signal in category.Derive my pupils trust in me and in what I teach them.Class Procedures and TechniquesTarget linguistic chat usage throughout the complete in-class clip. negate the usage of female parent lingua among students.. office of scholar centered, job work outing activities that involve interaction in the look into linguistic dialogue. line direction must be clear and focused same as accounts on linguistic communication points.Proctor pupils human race presentation on undertakings to consider that coveted public presentation is being achieved.If pupils did nt understand an direction or an account, I ever conceptualise about what I did and why it may adopt been ill-defined.When pupils do non understand, they are re-taught.Incentives and wagess for pupils are used to advance excellence.Error rectification is done after the pupil finishes production.Contemplation on how much test ing to make and when is the appropriate clip to make it.Make stiff up activities at the beginning of the category to fixation pupils for mark linguistic communication usage, and/or to put the temper for a specific occupation.Monitor on-going public presentation of the category, trying to turn up unheralded jobs on the topographic point and seting direction forthwith to rectify them.Induce pupil pattern on several, if non all of the linguistic communication accomplishments in each category.Include grammar accounts in the category content.Resources and Materials map different text books for schoolroom activities.For reading pattern, usage texts that are non excessively difficult for my pupils.Any stuff at manus that could be utile in musical composition stuffs, audio stuffs, picture stuffs, multimedia stuffs, cyberspace, games.Motivate pupils to convey stuffs to category which they think might be utile.THE FUTUREThroughout my current procedure of analyzing the theories of lingui stic communication acquisition and instruction, I ve discovered several patterns that, if adopted as mine, would sure enough steer me in the right way of accomplishing on-going professionalism.In the list below I will go to the coveted patterns and how I m traveling to accomplish them.Be able to explicate to my pupils the manner the mark linguistic communication ( English ) plants and why does it work ( Ur, ? ) I can make this end by analyzing English linguistics.Make informed and appropriate real-time determinations when, ( as frequently happens ) different, every bit well-grounded rules appear to conflict in a peculiar state of affairs ( Ur, ? ) In order to be able to make this I must rule all the rules of linguistic communication instruction and acquisition and be really detecting of each category state of affairs, concentrating on peculiar characteristics of my instruction or on a peculiar category event.Be peculiarly knowing and adept so that the necessary scope of subject s is summarizeressed causaably and sufficiently ( Pettis, ? ) rest analyzing all the facets of linguistic communication instruction and acquisition, and do it an on-going wont, by being personally committed to seek out extra chances to larn and develop.Have a deep apprehension of the rules of professional action, and be able to introduce and associate critically to the invention of others ( Ur, ? ) stock-still more lasting survey, non merely through reading, but besides by go toing classs, speaking about and discoursing issues with co-workers, and several other activities of the linguistic communication learning community.Let a combination of linguistic communication larning theories and my ain experiences to interact with each other to bring forth effectual linguistic communication lessons ( Tice, ? ) I must set into pattern the studied theory and reflect about its consequences taking into history my old experiences and cognition.Question the ends and values that guide my wo rk ( Kumaravadivelu, 2003 ) everlastingly analyze my premises on linguistic communication acquisition and instruction in the visible beam of each peculiar state of affairs and context. Reflecting upon the ideologic rules that inform my instruction pattern.Be more form with my instruction patterns ( Pettis, ? ) , and maintain a record of my ain analysis and contemplation on category comment ( Tice, ? ) By paradiddle uping information about what goes on in my schoolroom ( lesson programs ) , and analysing and measuring their consequence. By represent lessons and activities and reflecting on whether or non they ve been successful and why. By detecting the different things me and my pupils do in category, ever want to detect things that I was antecedently incognizant of. bear away deliberate hazards in the schoolroom by introducing my pedagogical techniques and measuring their effectivity ( Richards, ? ) Trust my ain personal instruction schemes. Explore the right methodologic al analysiss for each undertaking by reflecting on their consequence. Identify the features of the effectual activities and implement them in category, and measure them once more in a uninterrupted rhythm. Look post critically and imaginatively to make cause-effect thought, to deduce explanatory rules, besides to look frontward and make anticipatory planning utilizing a carefully structured attack to self-observation and self-evaluation.See the facets of instructor behaviour how much do I speak? , what about? , how do I react to student talk? , where do I stand? , who do I talk to? How do I come across to my pupils? ( Tice, ? ) The easiest manner to make this is by entering my categories but that is nt ever assertable to make. I must calculate out how to carry off my categories in a manner that I can detect and roll up this type of information.Use the category clip for pupil acquisition by development smooth and efficient schoolroom activities and organizing groups to suit i nstructional demands ( Richards, ? ) Keep on showing job work outing activities that meet the category demands with vivacious accent on pupil engagement and pattern.To name the demands of the pupils ( Richards, ? ) By acknowledging their motivations to larn and by observing the linguistic communication acquisition phase in which they are. By reacting to the societal interactions and shared significances that exist among pupils, both deep come out and outside the schoolrooms.To be cognizant of the developmental prep of the scholar, that determines when and how to learn a pupil something ( ? , ? ) By analyzing Piaget and the do-gooder theories, and by detecting my pupils really carefully so that I know when to present certain undertakings, harmonizing to the overture they re doing. The same applies for lesson programs.Observe if my pupils get the acquisition ends set by me ( Richards, ? ) By supervising most the learning advancement of my pupils.To hold a complete appre ciation of how my pupils learn and what motivates them to larn ( ? , ? ) By analyzing the learning acquisition theories. By detecting my pupils actions and behaviour. By roll uping this type of information from pupil engagement in my categories. By reflecting on these subjects to make up ones thinker what to make in category.See pupil feedback in the contemplation of my instruction patterns ( Tice, ? ) Ask my pupils what they think about what goes on in the schoolroom. Their sentiments and perceptual experiences can add a different and valuable position. This information can be collected through questionnaires.Take portion in course of contemplate development and doctor myself in school alteration attempts ( Kumaravadivelu, 2003 ) Use my experience and cognition on schoolroom contexts and state of affairss to function develop better instruction plans. Working unneurotic with other instructors, pupils, parents and decision makers to portion thoughts and exercising power over the conditions of our labour. And being cognizant of the socio political context and the power dimensions that have helped determine it.DecisionBecoming a good professional in the linguistic communication learning field is no easy undertaking. There are several long-run patterns that should be acquired in the procedure, all of which include difficult work. Personal intuitive judgement is excessively wide and excessively obscure to be satisfactory in the application of a profession. Learning to learn does non stop with obtaining a diplomat or a grade in instructor instruction but is an on-going procedure throughout one s learning calling. Teachers must build their ain theory of pattern, pertain chiefly on the critical thought of their concrete schoolroom contexts. Teachers should non merely joint their standards for developing and measuring their ain pattern, but besides have to prosecute in extended theorizing about the spirit of their topics, pupils and learning/teaching procedur es and even be concerned with wider ethical, societal, historical and political issues. This theorizing must include self observation, self analysis and self rating of their ain instruction patterns. Teaching should be an explorative activity in which the instructor must develop, choose or accommodate undertakings which are appropriate for their schoolroom context in order to bring forth location-specific, classroom-oriented mod schemes ( Kumaravadivelu, 2003 ) .Monitoring learning Acts of the Apostless should even travel beyond the person, personal activity that transforms schoolroom practicians into strategic minds and adventurers it must transform into a corporate activity in which all the linguistic communication instructors of a peculiar establishment confront their experiences and finds to make a better learning plan or course of study for their communities.In my peculiar instance, I must tighten on analyzing and larning the different theories that inform the linguistic com munication instruction pattern, I must get garbage down roll uping informations on category work activities and pupil behaviour and I must get down analysing and making self-reflection on all the gathered information.